Steven Garofalo
Spirituality/Belief • Education • News
PT2-OUR GREATEST LEGACY
By Steven Garofalo, March 18, 2024 (Copyright 2024)
March 18, 2024

In our last episode, we discussed the fact that it’s ultimately how we commune with God that determine swhat kind of person and nation we become. Today, in part 2, we are going to pick up from PART 1 and address the epidemic that we face as a nation with deficit of biblical literacy which has led to a bankrupt Moral Standard in the family, government, corporate culture and world at large. Let’s get started.

As stated, today, I am going to show you that ultimately, it’s how we commune with God that will determine what kind of person and nation we become. And what kind of person we are will determine what kind of parent we are to our children, which dictates how our children grow up to run corporations, government, societies, countries, continents and the world.

WELCOME BACK TO PART 2: IN PART 1, we looked at 2 Samuel and the life of David and established that we as Christians and the world a large face a deficit of biblical morality in the family, government, corporate culture, our community, the country and world at large.

Today, I am going to sound the sobriety alarm and say what most all of us are thinking, which is that if we as Christians don’t change ourselves and take a stand to be salt and light in order to change culture-culture will continue to change us as the body of Christ and church into it’s own image. If that continues, life and freedom as we know it today are going to diminish if not perish at our own demise. To be clear, we can change that over time and right side the world once again for our children’s generation if think, act and move courageously and rightly-according to God’s Word and ways. It won’t be easy but it can be done. It’s up to you, me and all of us as Christians to do this.

WHERE DO WE START?

FIRST, with the understanding and acceptance that USA as we know it from the past 75-100 years is gone. SECOND, it will take at least one generation to turn things around. And THIRDLY, we must embrace the fact that turning the world right-side up in God’s strength starts with equipping the next generation to be godly, morally driven leaders, fathers and mothers, rulers and leaders who stand on consistent principles.

But, this all starts with the family. It’s like a tree that grows in a forest. It always grows in the direction of the sun. If the sun is not directly overhead, it will grow crooked-to the left or the right-ultimately becoming a crooked tree. Anyone who is a father, mother or a leader knows that communication with their children, employees and constituents is essential to their well being as their upbringing as a child, and development as a person is what makes all cultures and civilizations successful.

THE DOMINO EFFECT: There is a “DOMINO EFFECT” to creating and raising up strong children, communities, churches, cultures and countries. How you and I parent our children determines how the next generation will run the WORLD, including corporations and governments around the world. Let’s be careful to go to God’s Word and get in prayer about this for our own life and family before we look to the crumbling world for counseling and psychological direction.

Again, the USA and world as we know it is gone. This is simple history as empires rise and fall. The question is not so much what is in the present, but preparing our young people for WHAT COMES NEXT. The world they inherit is much different and more challenging than the one most of us inherited. That being said, the one thing we can all be assured of is that God is on the throne, and will raise up and use His remnant to create a very different but wonderful new world. And God will use those who know and serve his rightly. Those with strong biblical commitment, moral fortitude, and conviction. With that setting being laid out, let’s switch gears to the main source of wisdom and pick up where we left off in life of king David and his son Absalom in 2 Samuel.

THE SCRIPTURAL PICTURE: Remember the SETTING-Absalom had planned to kill his father king David in 2 Samuel 17:1 and unsightly assumed the throne as king. The succession of the throne would most likely have been Absalom. Had Absalom been patient, he would not have gone after his father. But, as we know, God is always in full control and used David’s good friend Hushai to protect David and correct the wrong of Absalom. David’s loyal friend Hushai stayed behind, acting to be loyal to Absalom and to help thwart Absalom, which he did when re-directed an effective plan to kill David devised by traitor and treasonous Ahithophel. God used Hushai, David’s loyal friend to usher in advise that would benefit king David, and successfully thwarted the counsel of Ahithophel which lead to the downfall of Absalom as well as Ahithophel taking his own life. WHY did Ahithophel take his own life? Because he realized that his cause was lost and that they would lose the war to David with the advise that Hushai gave him. Ahithophel know that they would lose the battle and that he himself would be put to death for treason. As a result, the Bible tells us that:

“WHEN AHITHOPHEL SAW THAT HIS COUNSEL WAS NOT FOLLOWED, HE SADDLED HIS DONKEY AND WENT OFF HOME TO HIS OWN CITY. HE SET HIS HOUSE IN ORDER AND HANGED HIMSELF AND HE DIED AND WAS BURIED IN THE TOMB OF HIS FATHER” (2 Samuel 17:23).

SO WHAT!-Take Aways:

FIRST: The tragedy of Absalom was a consequence of David’s sin with Bathsheba (12:11-12). We should all know that while our sins are be forgiven by God. We all need to as well understand  and accept that despite God’s forgiveness, we often still reap the inevitable consequences of our sin and actions. Too many Christians see heavenly forgiveness of our sins to include the erasing of our earthly consequences. That’s not true. The vest thing to do is to NOT commit the sin to begin with in order to avoid offending God and earthly consequences. But all of us are imperfect and must accept the earthly as things we need to live with in light of God’s grace-using those consequences to instruct our minds and hearts there-forward.

 

SECOND: The danger of rooting for the evil underdog, which we often do in American and around the world is wrong, harmful. And it also carries consequences. King David often seemed to almost support those who sought his life at the expense of those who were keeping him (David) alive to begin with. In verse 7 Joab warned that David’s Unrestrained expression of his grief for Absalom could lead to political disaster because David selfishly put his emotional distraught for Absalom before his own military men, leaders and the general population. It’s understandable that David would mourn Absalom as that was his own son who he loved greatly. But he ought not have done that publicly. Remember that Absalom set out to kill David and many of the Jews in the process through war and David’s men are the ones who kept David alive. David was WRONG to publicly mourn his son who was Israel’s deadly enemy. LISTEN TO HOW JOAB makes this this clear to David in verses 5-6,

“…YOU HAVE TODAY COVERED WITH SHAME THE FACES OF ALL YOUR SERVANTS, WHO HAVE THIS DAY SAVED YOUR LIFE AND THE LIVES OF YOUR SONS AND YOU DAUGHTERS AND THE LIVES OF YOUR WIVES AND YOU CONCUBINES, BECAUSE YOU LOVE THOSE WHO HATE YOU. AND ATE THOSE WHO LOVE YOU”.

Joab didn’t stop there thought. He then calls David on the carpet in the second half of verse 6, saying, “FOR YOU HAVE MADE IT CLEAR TODAY THAT COMMANDERS AND SERVANTS ARE NOTHING TO YOU, FOR TODAY I KNOW THAT IF ABSALOM WERE ALIVE AND ALL OF US WERE DEAD TODAY, THEN YOU WOULD BE PLEASED”. (That’s a strong statement to the king that Joab woudn’t have made had it not been true).

APPLICATION FOR YOUR AND I TODAY: David was a father and Good fathers put the right thing ahead of their own interests and their own emotions. David was a valiant man in many ways, but he missed the mark as a father in many ways. This is not uncommon for most high level leaders. To be at the top, such as the “king”, it is demanding on one’s time, emotions and physical strength. Had David granted Absalom the same grace upon Absalom (his son) for killing the young man who raped his daughter-had he shown the same grace David asked God to bestow upon him (David) for committing adultery with Bathsheba, and then murdering her husband Uriah, the story most definitely would have turned out much different.

Let’s remember that David committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of one of David’s most committed servants (Uriah) and then murdered. Had David been a better father to Absalom, his son it seems most likely that he would have remained alive and probably even would have ended up taking over the throne with David’s blessings as opposed to by force upon David’s death of old age. I’m not blaming David for Absalom’s sin, but only saying that perhaps, had David acted more like a loving father, Absalom may not have sinned as he did in the first place.

I am not seeking to put David down either. He was a great man, a great leader and a man after God’s own heart. What I am saying is that he is praised in our modern age without looking at his downfallings. It’s David’s courage with Goliath that we love to speak about and it’s that courage that strengthens many of us. But it’s in his sin and error that we can learn from as well. David was a servant of God, God’s chosen king, and a man after God’s own heart. That is a fact. He was a valiant, courageous warrior for God. But he was also a polygamist, an adulterer, and a murderer; not to mention an absent father. While one ought not outshine other other-both should be observed.

Where was David for those two years when his own son, Absalom yearned to meet with him, spend time with him and be with his father who brought him out of hiding to be in Jerusalem with the king in the first place? I revere David as a biblical Character but I don’t fully understand him. As Absalom said in verse 6, “…BECAUSE YOU LOVE THOSE WHO HATE YOU, AND HATE THOSE WHO LOVE YOU”. To David’s defense, it must have been difficult to be king and father at the same time, but that’s an excuse. Le’t keep in mind as we learn from the Scriptures that one ought never be too busy for their son, daughter, husband or wife.

IN CONCLUSION: Anyone who is a father knows that communication with their children is essential to their healthy upbringing and development as a godly person in their adult life. Let’s keep in mind that our actions and words hold consequences as God makes clear in 2 Samuel 12:10.

“NOW THEREFORE THE SWORD SHALL NEVER DEPART FROM YOUR HOUSE, BECAUSE YOU HAVE DESPISED ME AND HAVE TAKEN THE WIFE OF URIAH THE HITTITE TO BE YOUR WIFE” (2 Samuel 12:10).

None of us are perfect fathers, mothers or parents in general. That’s not the point. This story has been told, taught and studied for thousands of years. But I have seldom heard as sermon on David’s failings. In the end, David was a man after God’s own heart because he demonstrated his faith and was committed to following the Lord. As a man after God’s own heart, David is a role model in many ways for all of us. But, in other ways, he is life lesson of how not to parent and act as a leader as well.

You and I have been given this biblical lesson to help instruct us regarding how we ought to raise up our own children and how to avoid the same pitfalls we see in David’s life. We can do better only if we learn from others as well as our own failures in life. And it all starts with our sitting down with God, spending proper time in His word and prayer. And then in light of God’s wisdom, applying those principles to how we raise our children. And this includes with open-loving communication. When we do this, our children and the next generation will want to hear God’s wisdom. And this can be our greatest legacy.

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Not Serpents of Skin, but From The Falsehood Of Sin: Uncoiling The Ending of Mark’s Gospel
By Del Potter, M.A.A. (Copyright 2025)

Not Serpents of Skin, but From The Falsehood Of Sin: Uncoiling The Ending of Mark’s Gospel

By Del Potter, M.A.A. August 27, 2025

Opening Remarks

From the outset, this article is NOT contending whether or not the ending of Mark 16 should be included. Although, it is in my humble opinion that some of the strange language in the ending of Mark actually affirms the truthfulness of the events inserted into the ending of Mark. There are several striking words in Mark's longer ending (Mark 16:17–18):

“These signs will accompany those who believe: in my name they will cast out demons; they will speak in new tongues; they will pick up serpents with their hands; and if they drink any deadly poison, it will not hurt them...”

As a first impression, the imagery suggests a miraculous ability to resist snakes and poison. It is nevertheless important to note that serpents and poison consistently function within Jewish, Biblical, and early Christian thought as symbols of false teaching and spiritual corruption, not simply physical danger.


Serpents in Scripture: Symbols of Deception

From the beginning of Genesis through Revelation, the serpent is never merely zoological—it is the archetype of deceit. In Genesis 3, the serpent slithers into the Garden not to bite with fangs, but to inject Eve with poisonous doubt about God’s word. Later Jewish wisdom literature follows this thread:

  • Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 21:2: “Flee from sin as from the face of a serpent: for if thou comest too near it, it will bite thee.”
  • Psalm 140:3: “They make their tongue sharp as a serpent’s, and under their lips is the venom of vipers.”

This same imagery flows into the New Testament:

  • Matthew 23:33: Jesus calls the Pharisees a “brood of vipers,” not because of biology, but because of false teaching.
  • 2 Corinthians 11:3: Paul warns that, just as the serpent deceived Eve, so false teachers corrupt the simplicity of Christ.
  • Revelation 12:9: John describes Satan as a serpent “And the great dragon was thrown down, the serpent of old who is called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.”

Therefore, when Mark refers to "serpents" and "deadly poison," his Jewish-Christian readers would have recognized the metaphor: heresy slithering into the church among the people with its false doctrine poisoning the entire church (2 Peter 2:1).


The Poison Of Heresy: A Dangerous Drink

The early Church frequently described heretical teaching as venom or poison. Ignatius of Antioch warned the Trallians:

“I therefore, yet not I, but the love of Jesus Christ, entreat you that ye use Christian nourishment only, and abstain from herbage of a different kind; I mean heresy. For those [that are given to this] mix up Jesus Christ with their own poison, speaking things which are unworthy of credit, like those who administer a deadly drug in sweet wine, which he who is ignorant of does greedily take, with a fatal pleasure leading to his own death.” (Letter to the Trallians 107 A.D.).

This language reflects the very pattern of Mark 16—poisonous teaching disguised as nourishment. The faithful, however, are promised preservation: “it will not harm them.” The believer, rooted in Christ, can discern and resist corruption.

No early Christian expressed this more vividly than Tertullian of Carthage (c. 200 AD). In his treatise Scorpiace, he likens heresy to venomous creatures:

  • Heresy “creeps into the church like a scorpion,” injecting spiritual poison.
  • The faithful must resist with the antidote of Scripture, wielded like the staff of Moses against the serpents of Egypt.

Tertullian believed that the danger was not from reptiles in the marketplace, but rather from false teachers within the church. Similarly, heresy pierces the souls of believers in a quiet and lethal manner, just as the scorpion stings unseen. As a result, he viewed Christ's promise in Mark not as a test of reckless physical stunts, but as a promise that the faithful will not suffer from the venom of falsehood if armed with the truth. As Paul rightly reminds his audience:

 "Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil (i.e. snakes & poisons)." - Ephesians 6:11


Mark’s Ending and the beginning of the Early Church

NT writers wrote within a culture steeped in metaphor. The early church never staged snake-handling rituals to “prove” faith. Instead, they testified by enduring persecution, refuting heresy, and preserving sound doctrine.

The apologetic force of Mark 16 is not spectacle—it is survival. The church would face vipers in pulpits, scorpions in councils, and poison in doctrine. Yet Christ promises: “These things will not harm you.”

Just as in the first century, serpents and scorpions creep into the church today—not in the form of reptiles, but in the form of false witnesses, compromised truth, and distorted gospels. The call of Mark 16 is not to chase miracles, but to guard against lies.

In a world full of theological poison, the believer’s protection is not daredevil faith, but faithful discernment: Scripture, the Spirit, and the witness of the saints.

“But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will also be false teachers [i.e. snakes] among you, who will secretly introduce destructive [i.e. poison] heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing swift destruction upon themselves.” - 2 Peter 2:1


Closing Remarks

The ending of Mark’s Gospel, far from a literal dare, is a prophetic warning and promise:

  • Serpents = false teachers.
  • Poison = heretical doctrines.
  • The promise = Christ’s people, if grounded in truth, will not be overcome.

Tertullian’s scorpions, Ignatius’ poison, Paul’s vipers, and Jesus’ own words unite: the greatest danger to the church is not fangs and venom in the field, but lies and venom in the pulpit.

In Christ, the Church endures—immune not to biology, but to blasphemy.

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MAN'S PROBLEM-"HIDDENESS"
By Del Potter, M.A.A., August 16, 2025

The Problem Is With Man's Hiddenness Toward God, Not Vice-Versa

Why Doesn’t God Make His Existence Unmistakably Clear to Everyone?

One of the most common objections to faith is: “If God is real, why doesn’t He just show Himself beyond all doubt?” Skeptics ask why God doesn’t write His name in the sky or make His presence undeniable. But Scripture, reason, and the earliest witnesses of the Church tell us a different story: God has already made Himself known, yet it is humanity that hides.

God’s Self-Revelation in Creation

Scripture consistently teaches that God’s fingerprints are everywhere. The Apostle Paul writes:

“For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—His eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.” (Romans 1:20)

Psalm 19:1 echoes this truth: “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands.”

Job reminds us that creation itself—beasts, birds, earth, and sea—all testify to the Creator:

“But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you; or the bushes of the earth, and they will teach you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you. Who among all these does not know that the hand of the Lord has done this? In His hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.” (Job 12:7–10)

God’s existence, then, is not hidden. It is written into the very structure of reality. As St. Athanasius later argued, creation itself acts as a universal witness, speaking of God’s power to every culture and language without need for words.

Why Does God Seem Hidden?

The real issue is not divine silence but human resistance. Moses records God saying:

“I will surely hide My face in that day, because of all the evil which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.” (Deuteronomy 31:18)

This is not a statement about God being unknowable but about mankind turning its back to Him. God’s “hiddenness” is a moral and relational reality, not an intellectual one. As Isaiah wrote:

“Your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God.” (Isa. 59:2)

Early Christians echoed this. Justin Martyr argued that those who live according to reason (logos) recognize the true God through creation and conscience. Clement of Alexandria explained that ignorance of God is not due to His absence, but due to the blindness of the soul enslaved to passions.

The Attributes of God are Revealed According To His Nature.

If God were to force belief by overwhelming proof, He would violate the very nature of faith and love. Love cannot be compelled; it requires freedom. Blaise Pascal later captured this well: “There is enough light for those who desire to see, and enough darkness for those who do not.”

The early Church understood that God provides evidence sufficient for faith, but not coercion. Origen taught that God “gives signs to those who are willing to see, but hides from those who shut their eyes.” This allows space for genuine seeking, humility, and love—rather than forced acknowledgment.

God Is Not Hidden—We Are

When people ask, “Why doesn’t God make Himself clear?” the biblical answer is: He already has. The problem is not with God’s silence but with our ears. The witness of creation, conscience, Scripture, and Christ Himself leaves us without excuse.

It is not God who hides, but man who hides from God—just as Adam and Eve once hid in the Garden. And yet, even then, God sought them, calling out: “Where are you?” (Gen. 3:9).

The same God still calls today through the beauty of creation, the testimony of Scripture, and the living Christ. The question is not whether God is clear enough but whether we are willing to see Him more clearly!

"For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face; now I know in part, but then I will know fully, just as I also have been fully known." - 1 Corinthians 13:12

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INFALLIBILITY IS GREATER THAN INERRANCY
By Del Potter M.A.A.
 
God's truth (Infallibility) is greater than man's inability to write down or transmit His word (Inerrancy) perfectly. God's truth remains true regardless if man regards or disregards it to be true.
 
Allow me to explain more in-depth. Inerrancy, is defined as the belief that Scripture contains no errors in its original manuscripts, so obviously inerrancy struggles with textual variants like John 8:1–11. The story is missing from the oldest Greek manuscripts (e.g., Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus) and its stylistic differences raise red flags for many textual critics. But if our faith rests solely on inerrant transmission, what happens when that transmission wavers? Are such passages now less inspired? We are warned from scripture itself that errant transmission could and can occur. God through Moses warns the Israelites that "You shall not add to the word which I am commanding you, nor take away from it, so that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I am commanding you" (Deuteronomy 4:2).
 
Jesus seems to place an exclamation point on this line of thinking and says “If you love Me, you will keep My commandments" (John 14:15) clarifying further that if you love God you will not tamper with His word. God places a capstone on this discussion by warning His readers at the close of Revelation "and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life and from the holy city, which are written in this book" (22:19). My point? We are warned through scripture itself there is and would be a problem with those that would add or even take away from God's infallible word thus making it errant and not inerrant. This is where the strength of infallibility steps in.
 
Infallible simply means “incapable of error.” The difference is God is incapable of error and is against His nature to error. "As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the Lord is flawless" (Psalm 18:30:). Inerrancy is like a flawless earthly mirror. Crack it, and it’s compromised. However, Infallibility is like the sun: Even if seen through a foggy lens, it still gives light and heat because its origin is not of the earth.
 
Psalm 119:89 reminds us that truth originates not in human manuscripts, but in the eternal counsel of God. Combined with John 21:25 - "Jesus did many other things... if all of them had been written down, the world itself would be unable to contain the volumes" We are confronted with a key theological insight: not all truth has been written, but all truth is known. In Scripture, it is clarified that omission from man's history does not imply absence from God's history. So, even when the earthly record is incomplete, the heavenly record has been completed.
 
Again, it is true that manuscripts such as Codex Sinaiticus omit stories like the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11), leading some to question its authenticity. Yet, early Christians like Didymus the Blind (pre-Nicene era) affirmed the passage’s existence in "certain Gospels." Augustine later wrote that some scribes intentionally excluded the story out of fear it could be misused to justify sin using the story of the Pericope Adulterae.
 
“Certain persons of little faith... removed from their manuscripts the Lord's act of forgiveness toward the adulteress.” (Augustine 'De Adulterinis Coniugiis' - 419 A.D.)
 
This demonstrates that the story may have been removed due to fear, politics, or human discretion, but not by divine silence. In light of Psalm 119:89, we must remember that God's word is "SETTLED" [Greek: Natsab = stationed/established] in heaven before it’s written on earth.
 
This challenges an empirical view of truth. If divine revelation is only accepted when it aligns with surviving manuscripts, the church’s oral tradition, apostolic memory, and lived theology are undermined. The early church did not rely solely on manuscripts, but on witnesses, oral, and Spirit-led preservation. As Tertullian wrote in the 2nd century:
 
“We do not need curiosity after Christ Jesus, nor inquiry after the gospel. When we believe, we desire to believe nothing more. For this we believe, that there is nothing else which we ought to believe.” - Prescription Against Heretics, Ch. 7–8.
 
Scripture acknowledges its own incompleteness—yet affirms the completeness of God's eternal counsel.
 
The failure to accept any truth that has not been recorded in early papyri amounts to ignoring the 'heavenly library' where truth is established. There is a consensus among Scripture, tradition, and theology that the absence of paper does not imply the absence of preservation. Despite the fact that earth has not penned it, that does not mean heaven has not done so. As Christians, we believe that the eternal Word, who is Jesus Christ, the Logos (John 1:1-14), has embodied and preserved all truth, some written, some spoken, and some remembered in the heart of the Church. The Word of God cannot fail - even if manuscripts do. That is the beauty and greatness of infallibility over inerrancy.
 
"And there are also many other things which Jesus did, which if they were written in detail, I suppose that even the world itself would not contain the books that would be written." (John 21:25).
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