Steven Garofalo
Spirituality/Belief • Education • News
WHAT IS THE AGE OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR CHILDREN?
By Steven Garofalo, July 3, 2023 (Copyright 2023)
July 03, 2023

As we see the wholesale destruction of our young people’s minds and hearts through inferior education, indoctrination. This has escalated to the literal altercation of their physical bodies. The end result is a malformed, distorted and immoral mental understanding of reality. As a result, this is forced or led our youth to a lack of spiritual understanding and stability.

This leads us to ask the simple question as to where to these young people stand with God? The concept of “age of accountability” is that children up until some point in life are not held accountable by God for their sins until they reach a certain age. If a child dies before reaching the “age of accountability,” that child will be by the grace and mercy of God, be granted entrance into heaven. This leads us to ask: Is the concept of an age of accountability biblical? If such a thing exists, what is that age or age range? The BIble does not directly address an age of accountability but some verses do so indirectly.

GotQuestions.Com notes that Romans 1:20 says, “Since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualitatives-his eternal power and divine nature-have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse”. According to this, mankind’s guilt before God is based, in part, on a rejection of WAHT can be “clearly seen” of God’s existence, externality, and power. So what about children who have no faculty for “clearly seeing” or reasoning about God-wouldn’t their natural incapacity to observe and reason excuse them from judgement? https://www.gotquestions.org/age-of-accountability.html

The age of 13 is the most commonly suggested for the age of accountability, based on the Jewish custom that child becomes an adult at the age of 13. In the Catholic religion, they have “Confirmation” which is very much the same thing. But the Bible gives no support as to the age of 13 as the set age for accountability. My advisor, the late Dr. Norman Geisler said that depending on the child, it’s more like the age of 8 years of age.

Deuteronomy also provides us some idea as to how God holds young people accountable for their sin. In Deuteronomy 1:39 we find  a clear illustration of God’s grace on children up to the age of 20 coming out of the wilderness. Please keep in mind that their parents and grandparents all died in the desert while wondering in the wilderness for 40 years-leaving only their children to inherit the promise land. In-part, this is due to the fact that the parents and grandparents were overwhelmingly disobedient to God. In response, God used their children to fulfill His promise of the Promise Land to the Israelites. Let’s take a deeper look:

In Deuteronomy 1:39, God says through Moses, “…your little ones and your children” in terms of their being held accountable to God for their sin as was the case with their parents and grandparents who, outside a few, never made it out of thr desert into the Promise Land. Again, most all of the Israelit's who wandered in the desert for those 40 years perished in the desert-again, leaving their children to inherit the promise land.

“…your little ones and your children”. The most outrageous of the Israelites complaints against God was that He wanted their children to die (Numbers 14:31). But the Lord demonstrates His love and faithfulness to His people in this passage by protecting those younger than twenty so that they could and would inherit the land. The “age of accountability” for a human being is certainly much younger than twenty years of age, but God made an exception in this specific case in His grace, love and promise to the Israelites in granting grace to those-up to the age of twenty.

I want to now take home the central point of today’s devotion regarding “THE AGE OF ACCOUNTABILITY” through the words, "NO KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL”: Isaiah wrote (at that time), that children less than a few years old were considered to be not yet fully responsible (Isaiah 7:15). By EXTENDING the age limit to twenty (in this special exception re: God’s plans plan for having the Israelites wander in the desert for 40 years-leading to the deaths of most all of the adult generation), that the Lord also, again, showed God’s compassion on their children to go into the Promise Land (Numbers 14:18).

As we witness the modern day wholesale destruction of our young people through poor and misdirected education, indoctrination, and now literal altercations of their physical bodies, mental understanding of reality, and spiritual stability, this leads us to ask the simple question as to where to these young people stand with God?

I want to better attempt to answer that question focussed on the passage most often cited in support of an age of accountability, which is 2 Samuel 12:21-23. The context of this passage is that King David committed adultery with Bathsheba, resulting in an unplanned pregnancy. David mourned and fasted to a point that caused concern among his household and his cabinet. When the child died, David stopped fasting and asked, “Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me.” David’s words seem to indicate that infants who die are safe in the presence of the Lord.

I believe, generally speaking (as all children are different in their physical, mental and spiritual development), that the general age of accountability is around 8 years of age-generally speaking. I don’t believe that at five years of age that a child has developed the ability to think rational enough to be held accountable. Their brain and child in whole is still vastly underdeveloped.

In short, in answering this question, lets keep in mind that God left us with the responsibility of protecting the culture, political climate, church and family: We are called to protect and guide/lead our children and all young people into the age of accountability through the arms of Jesus Christ. This is why Reason For Truth and Equipped Academy was created-to help adults affectively impact their world for Jesus Christ, and young people in particular to grow solid in their faith by the time of accountability. Thank you for being part of that. If you want to be part of that and support our efforts, please check out www.ReasonForTruth.Org/donate. I pray you will consider dong that. Let's now get out there and fulfill what the Lord has called each one of us to do in helping this next generation rightfully enter the age of accountability.

-Steven Garofalo

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DO PETS GO TO HEAVEN?

When I was in seminary, the question was raised as to if pets or animals in general go to heaven. Our professor, Dr. Norman Geisler said this: “Jesus Christ came to earth and died on the Cross for the human race, not animals.” I was working out at the gym one day when one of the regulars, who had just moved to Charlotte, NC from California told me that one of her beloved dogs died; and would that dog go to heaven. I have her the same answer. But, was that the whole story? That’s what we are going to look at today.

In a peace by Michael Housman, Founder of GotQuestions.Org, Housman wrote that “The BIble does not give any explicit teaching on whether pets or animals in general have souls, or spirits, or whether pets and other animals will be in heaven.

His answer was short but the animals not having souls maybe up for debate.

We can use general biblical principles to develop some clarity on the subject though Housman wrote. The Bible states that both man (Genesis 2:7) and animals (Genesis 1:30; 6:17; 7:15 and 22) have the “BREATH OF LIFE” that is, both man and animals are living beings. Furthermore, the primary difference between human beings and animals is that humanity is made in the image and likeness of God (Genesis 1:26-27), while animals are not.

Being made in the image and likeness of God means that human beings are like God in some ways; they are capable of spirituality; they have a mind, emotion, and “will”; and part of their “being” continues after death.

If pets and other animals do have a “soul” (or spirit or immaterial aspect), it must therefore be of a different and lesser “quality”. This difference possibly means that pets and other animal “souls”  do not continue in existence after death.

Another factor to consider regarding whether pets will be in heaven is that animals are a port of God’s creative process in Genesis. God created the animals and said they were good (Genesis 1:25). Therefore, there is no reason why there could not be pets and animals on the NEW EARTH as described in (Revelation 21:1). 

In the end, there will most definitely be animals during the millennial kingdom (Isaiah 11:6; 65:25). It is impossible to say definitely whether some animals of these animals might be the pets we had here on earth. We do know that God is just and that when we get to heaven, we will find ourselves in complete agreement with His decision on this issue, whatever that turns out to be.

So, there you have it. I think that’s the best answer on the subject in all honest. Please remember to SUBSCRIBE to our channel and check out StevenGarofalo.Com for exclusive content and early release of our two weekly podcast.

Until next time, I’m your host Steven Garofalo, and this is your reason for truth for today.

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AN ETHICAL ECONOMY IS GOOD FOR ALL
By Steven Garofalo, May 2, 2025

WHAT MAKES A GOOD ECONOMY

Government corruption comes to the advantage of a few-but at the expense of many if not all the rest of society. Today, I am going to show you through Ecclesiastes 5:8-9 that vanity and wealth, if not kept accountable, will devour one’s honor and the honor or the nation in whole. Let’s get started.

The Vanity of Wealth and Honor is an interesting subject in light of wealth, corruption, and the human heart. This subject effects many things, including what makes a good economy. 

In the Book of Ecclesiastes, chapter 5, verses eight to nine, Solomon says the following:

Ecclesiastes 5:8-9
“8 If you see in a province the oppression of the poor and the violation of justice and righteousness, do not be amazed at the matter, for the high official is watched by a higher, and there are yet higher ones over them. 9 But this is gain for a land in every way: a king committed to cultivated fields.”

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BREAK DOWN
Ecclesiastes 5:8-9

THE ABUSE OF AUTHORITY & WEALTH
 “8 If you see in a province the oppression of the poor and the violation of justice and righteousness, do not be amazed at the matter, for the high official is watched by a higher, and there are yet higher ones over them." 

COMMENTARY: Verse 8 clearly illustrates that there is a corruption at every level of government, with higher level oppressors plundering the equally oppressive lower-level magistrates. This perhaps explains the st state of America and the world. With blackmail running. Rampant and the public sector unchecked, they have been robbing the everyday citizen of their hard earned money. As a result, the system became insulated and division between the haves and have nots became more defined. When the high level government officials rob and abuse those below them, someone above that person robs and abuses the higher level person himself.

In America, where we print money out of thin air for the world, in this short period of history, there is little need to plunder those under one authority because there is so much to steal that those in authority can simply pay them off or blackmail them; whichever is most convenient. Either way, Solomon makes abundantly clear that when there is nobody minding the ship, evil perpetuates to the point of overtaking the government in whole. As a result, we end up with a 2024 government, riddles with corruption, immorality, blackmail, lawlessness, and all other things evil due to the lack of God-ness which equates to “goodness”. 

Economically speaking, when this happens to a country, its own economy begins to decline into debt due to their insatiable desire and emotional need for more money and resources. When resources are stripped and money is squandered, the elite few are smart enough to collect those resources and money and we end up with a U.S. Stock Market where only 5% holds up to 80%  of the entire market wealth. 

WHAT IS THE ANSWER?
The answer and solution is to keep to return to the system we created in the first place which is free market capitalism that allows those who desire to work hard, to have a fair chance at success, making money and turning a fair profit. This is called “honor for everyone”.

HONOR FOR EVERYONE
"9 But this is gain for a land in every way: a king committed to cultivated fields.”

CONCLUSION:

Government corruption comes to the advantage of a few-but at the expense of many if not all the rest of society. Vanity and wealth, if not kept accountable, devours one’s honor and the honor or the nation in whole. Solomon (Qohelet) considered goverment to be frustrating becuase it was a necessary evil, something deply flawed but indespsnsible. On the one hand people sould "not be shocked" when they see OPPRESSION and injustice in a governmental province (v.8). After all, bloated government bureaucracy tends to frustrate justice (v.8b). On the other hand, government has it advantages (v.9). Many hold to the belief that this verse continues the negeative assessment of government. Others see this passage better understood more positively since it fits with Qohelet's normal pattern of "on the one hand, on the other.." way of teaching. 

Even a corrupt government is better than anarchy, which devastates a country, it's culture and in Solomon's time, an agrarian economy that would lead to starvation. Keeping to God's ways is the only solution to man's sinful nature; especially in governmental rule. In the end, a king who devotes himself to developing the resources of the land ushers in a systems that brings the opportunity for profit to all, not just the corrupt few.

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SOLA SCRIPTURA
A Protestant & Catholic View Comparison

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A major difference is the issue of sufficiency and authority of Scripture. While Protestants believe that the Bible alone is the source of God's special revelation to mankind, it also speaks to everything we need to understand as necessary for our salvation from sin.

Protestants view the Bible as the STANDARD for Christian morality and ethics which governs our behavior. This is called sola scripture and is one of the five Solas in Christianity. (Solas meaning "alone" in Latin. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 makes clear that "All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work” (ESV).

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Catholics do not believe in sola scriptura hence do not believe that the Bible alone is sufficient. They see both the Bible and sacred Roman Catholic tradition as equally authoritative and binding on the Christian. While not all Catholics hold to doctrines such as purgatory, praying to the saints, worship or veneration of Mary, etc., the Catholic doctrine hold to them even though they have little or no mention or basis in the Bible. In truth, these doctrines are based on Roman Catholic traditions based on the Catholic Church's insistence that the Bible and tradition are equal in authority. The problem with this is that it undermines the sufficiency, authority, and completeness of the Bible. The view of Scripture is at the root of many, if not all, of the differences between Catholics and Protestants.

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